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Orléans is the name used by several branches of the Royal House of France, all descended in the legitimate male line from the dynasty's founder, Hugh Capet. It became a tradition during France's ''ancien régime'' for the duchy of Orléans to be granted as an appanage to a younger (usually the second surviving) son of the king. While each of the Orléans branches thus descended from a junior prince, they were always among the king's nearest relations in the male line, sometimes aspiring and sometimes succeeding to the throne itself. The last cadet branch to hold the ducal title descended from the younger son of Louis XIII of France, and is sometimes known as the "House of Bourbon-Orléans" (''Maison de Bourbon-Orléans''). From 1709 until the French Revolution the Orléans dukes were next in the order of succession to the French throne after members of the senior branch of the House of Bourbon, descended from Louis XIV. Louis XIII's younger brother and younger son were granted the dukedom successively in 1626 and 1660, and since they had contemporaneous living descendants, there were actually two Bourbon-Orléans branches at court during the reign of Louis XIV. The elder of these branches consisted of Gaston, duc d'Orléans, younger son of Henry IV, and the four daughters of his two marriages. The junior and final House of Orléans descended from Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, Louis XIV's younger brother (who, as such, was known at court simply as ''Monsieur''). Although Louis XIV's direct descendants retained the throne, his brother Philippe's descendants flourished until the end of the French monarchy, held the crown from 1830 to 1848, and still exist as pretenders. ==The dukes== Upon the death of Gaston of Orléans, the appanage of the Duchy of Orléans reverted to the crown. The appanage was given to Philippe, the brother of Louis XIV of France. It was Philippe and his second wife, the famous court writer Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, who founded the modern House of Orléans – their surviving son being the regent of France for the young Louis XV. As a ''fils de France'', Philippe's surname was "de France". Upon his death, his son inherited the Orléans dukedom, but as only a ''petit-fils de France'' his surname (and that of his descendants) was taken from his father's main title, and was thus ''d'Orléans''. The first two dukes, as son and patrilineal grandson, respectively, of a French king, were entitled to be addressed as ''Royal Highness''. But Philippe I was primarily known as ''Monsieur'', the style reserved for the king's eldest brother at the French court. Philippe II was succeeded as duke by his son Louis d'Orléans, who was entitled to the style of ''Serene Highness'' as a ''prince du sang''. After 1709, the heads of the Orléans branch of the House of Bourbon ranked as the ''premier princes du sang'' – this meant that the dukes could be addressed as ''Monsieur le Prince'' (a style they did not, however, use) and that, should there be no heir to the crown of France in the king's immediate family, then the Orléans family would ascend the throne by right. ''Other Dukes'' Members of the House of Orléans * ''François Gaston Michel Marie of Orléans, Duke of Orléans'' (1935–1960) second son of Henri, comte de Paris (posthumous creation) * ''Jacques Jean Jaroslav Marie of Orléans, Duke of Orléans'' (b. 1941) fourth son of Henri, comte de Paris 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「House of Orléans」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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